Scripta minora 28
Olle Ferm and Élisabeth Mornet (eds.): Swedish Students at the University of Paris in the Middle Ages I. (2021, 959 s.). ISBN: 978-91-88568-79-3. 200 SEK.
Already at the end of the 12th century, even before the University of Paris was established, Swedes applied to Paris for studies. In the beginning they were few; in time they would become many. The greatest number arrived in the early 14th century, when about 30 Swedes were resident in Paris every year. In all, almost 500 Swedes must have made the difficult journey, by land and sea, to seek spiritual improvement at one of the many schools on the Left Bank.
After studies, lucrative appointments awaited in Sweden. Many graduates took a position at a cathedral chapter, where they were in charge of the Church’s internal matters and its relations to the rest of society. The formal skills acquired by students were also in demand outside the Church; particularly remunerative was a knowledge of Latin, which was valuable in foreign trade and diplomatic negotiations with foreign powers.
The results of the academics’ contributions were far-reaching. They introduced new routines with rules and norms that transformed old institutions and gave rise to new; these eventually altered the social fabric and Sweden was modernized. The country became more like the rest of Europe.

The presence of Swedes among the students and masters at the medieval universities of Cambridge and Oxford has long been presumed, although little evidence remains. Assembled in this volume are several articles and newly-edited documents testifying to the intellectual contribution of Swedish academics in England during the Middle Ages. Items as prosaic as a student’s handbook, a loan chest, and a thank-you letter home witness the experiences of scholars who went against the dominant trend of Scandinavians studying on the Continent. Sometimes the evidence revealed here has significant ramifications. For instance, the work of natural science prepared by Tideman of Närke is shown to be simple and derivative, but a comparative analysis of the text reveals it to be a piece of a tradition extending from medieval writings on the Termini naturales to the first printed books of the Libellus sophistarum ad usum Cantabrigiensis and the Libellus sophistarum ad usum Oxoniensium, hitherto unnoticed. Original research and critical editions complete the documentation.
Words and Matter presents new work on the reception of the Mater Dei. Although a minimal presence in the Bible, the virgin Mary figured prominently in the cultural artefacts produced in the Middle Ages and even after the Reformation. As words, she dwelled in exempla, sermons, prayers and plays. As matter, she imprinted church windows, wall paintings and illuminations. In her various manifestations, mary engaged the senses, minds and bodies of the faithful. The studies in this collection span the Nordic countries, Ireland, England and southern Europe during the later Middle Ages and the Reformation. However, all the essays in Words and Matter are grounded in the practices of the late medieval and early modern parish and the beliefs of the ordinary faithful.